What is the normal range of sugar?

Blood sugar levels, also known as blood glucose levels, are critical indicators of overall health, especially for individuals managing conditions like diabetes. The normal range for blood sugar levels varies depending on the time of day and the individual's state, such as whether they have eaten recently or are fasting.

Fasting Blood Sugar Levels:

For individuals without diabetes, the normal fasting blood sugar level (measured after at least 8 hours of not eating) typically ranges from 70 to 99 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). For those with diabetes, fasting blood sugar levels should ideally be between 80 and 130 mg/dL.

Postprandial (After Eating) Blood Sugar Levels:

After eating, blood sugar levels rise as the body breaks down carbohydrates into glucose. For non-diabetic individuals, blood sugar levels measured 1-2 hours after eating should be less than 140 mg/dL. For individuals with diabetes, a postprandial blood sugar level less than 180 mg/dL is generally considered acceptable.

Random Blood Sugar Levels:

Random blood sugar tests, which can be taken at any time of the day, should show levels less than 140 mg/dL for non-diabetic individuals. For those with diabetes, maintaining random blood sugar levels below 200 mg/dL is often a target.

HbA1c Levels:

Another important measure is the HbA1c test, which provides an average blood sugar level over the past 2-3 months. For individuals without diabetes, an HbA1c level below 5.7% is normal. For those with diabetes, an HbA1c level of less than 7% is typically targeted to reduce the risk of complications.

Maintaining blood sugar levels within these ranges is crucial for preventing both acute and long-term complications. Consistently high blood sugar levels can lead to serious health issues such as cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, kidney disease, and vision problems. Conversely, abnormally low blood sugar levels (hypoglycemia) can cause symptoms like dizziness, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness.

Effective management of blood sugar levels involves a combination of dietary choices, physical activity, medication, and regular monitoring. Individual targets may vary based on age, overall health, and specific medical conditions, so it is important for individuals to work closely with healthcare providers to determine their optimal blood sugar range and management plan.